Overview page > CO ₂ Transportation, Utilization and Storage

CO₂ Transportation, Utilization and Storage

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Physics of CO₂

Custody Transfer & Regulations

Sequestration & Utilization

Physics of CO₂

Thermodynamic properties of CO2 for efficient transport and storage

CO₂ can be transported in the gaseous phase or in the liquid phase. Liquefaction reduces the volume considerably, making both storage and transport, even over longer distances, more economical. Pipelines would also be much smaller, reducing costs. In addition, CO₂ must be pipeline-ready in terms of the contaminants present. Contaminants such as water can cause large-scale corrosion of pipelines and equipment. Less than 50 ppm water is the standard. H₂S content in CO₂ must also be limited to prevent corrosion at high pressure. CO₂ is heavier than air, and any compromise of a transportation pipeline can have devastating consequences for the environment and people.

When transporting CO₂ through pipelines and during sequestration, it is important to ensure that the process is carried out at the correct pressure and temperature.

Facts and Figures to remember

CO₂ in gas state has density of 1.98kg/m3
Liquid CO₂ occupies 535 times smaller volume compared to gaseous CO₂

Beyond the supercritical point, the solid-liquid-gas phases can be in equilibrium.

However, between the critical and supercritical points, the right temperature and pressure can ensure that CO₂ remains stable in the liquid phase, which is essential for efficient and safe transport of CO₂.

Custody Transfer & Regulations

Application 3: Custody transfer metering of CO₂

The safe transport of CO₂ from the capture point to the storage or utilization site is a critical step in the CCS value chain. CO₂ is transported in either gaseous or dense phase. A feature of the physical properties of CO₂ is that the boundaries that determine the phase change of the fluid are close together. The unique properties of CO₂ present several challenges for flow measurement.

Accurate and reliable volume measurement with the Promass Coriolis mass flow meter.
Expertise in the design, construction and installation of the flow measurement solution
Compliance with local and international standards
Worldwide references and installed base

Application 3: Custody transfer metering of CO2

Sequestration & Utilization

Carbon storage

CO₂ has been used for enhanced oil recovery for almost half a century to increase the recovery factor of oil deposits.

In this case, CO₂ is injected in the supercritical phase, where it has the property of behaving like a gas and a liquid at the same time. The density is in the range of liquid CO₂, while the viscosity is in the range of gaseous CO₂. The dense phase not only helps the oil swell in the reservoir, but also reduces the viscosity of the oil, making it easier to extract.

Another application of CO₂ storage is the mineralization of CO2 in rock formations:

Carbfix's innovative technology accelerates the process of rock formation by dissolving CO₂ in water and then injecting it into basalt rocks. After injection, it takes 2 years for the rock to carbonize. In this way, the greenhouse gas CO₂ is permanently removed from the atmosphere and stored for eternity.

Learn more about it

If you have questions like:

What is your incentive for deploying CC technology?

Would you like to gain insight into the UK's vision for decarbonizing its hard-to-delete industries?

Visit the CCSA website to learn more.

CCSA website

Our offering

FLOW MEASUREMENT

Proline Promass O 500 Coriolis flowmeter

Robust high-pressure flowmeter, as remote version with up to 4 I/Os

See product specs

Global Energy Transition Masterclass recording now available!

Did you miss our live event? The recording is now available to watch on demand! If you are involved in the global energy transition in your company or simply want to learn which technical solutions are used to achieve the Net-Zero target, this masterclass is for you!

Language: English

Keynote speakers:

Ruth Herbert, CEO of the Carbon Capture and Storage Association (CCSA), United Kingdom
Magnús Þór Arnarson, EPC Project Management at Carbfix, Iceland
Martin Voigt, Geochemist at Carbfix, Iceland
Nathalie Casas, Head of Technology at Climeworks, Switzerland
Khalifa Suhail Barshoud, Section Leader at ADNOC Refining, UAE
Florian Kiefer, Senior Scientist and Process Engineer at Empa, Switzerland
Marc Allen, Technical Director at engeco, Australia

Ready to watch on demand!

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Overview page > CO2 Transportation, Utilization and Storage

CO2 Transportation, Utilization and Storage